定义

感染者

被感染者是指 PCR(实验室)检测结果证实 2019 冠状病毒病存在的个体。In this document an 'infected person' should be differentiated from a person who may have COVID-19 but has not been tested and therefore is not a 'known case'.

潜在感染者

潜在感染者是指:

  • 有症状或体征提示 COVID19
  • 密切接触后,正在等待检测结果(请见下文)

密切接触

密切接触者具有以下特征:

  • 接触过被感染者(在 1 米内接触并且持续 15 分钟以上);
  • 在没有使用适当的个人防护设备的情况下,直接为被感染者提供了护理服务;
  • 与被感染者同处在相同的封闭环境(包括共享工作场所、教室或家庭或在同一个聚会)中, 无论时间长短;
  • 在任何运输工具中接近被感染者(即相距 1 米以内)。

2019 冠状病毒病最有可能通过以下方式在人与人之间传播:

  • 当被感染者大声说话、大笑、咳嗽或打喷嚏时与其飞沫接触
  • 与感染中的被感染者直接接触(两个人都足够靠近以进行疾病转移)
  • 接触被感染者在咳嗽或打喷嚏时产生的飞沫所污染的物体或表面

检疫

这是指对未患病但可能接触了被感染者或疾病的人员采取活动限制或隔离措施。检疫的目的是监视其症状,确保及早发现病例并防止可能发生的进一步疾病传播。

隔离

这是将患者或被感染者与其他人分开,以防止感染或污染扩散。

Disease Cluster

A disease cluster or infection cluster is a group of similar health events that have occurred in the same area around the same time. Disease case clusters may sometimes be pinpointed to certain trips, associations between people or other events.
Community spread

Community spread is spread of a disease among a certain area, in which there is no direct knowledge of how or when someone contracted the disease. While some cases of coronavirus can be pinpointed to certain trips, associations between people or other events, instances of "community spread" are less specific and harder to trace.