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Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Pre-2018 Clarifications

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Laws of the Game
Definitions

k or in open play. Multiple team-mates are pre-bound to a dynamic ball-carrier, sometimes in a wedge formatio ... l-carrier. A single pre-bound player is permitted providing that player fulfills their obligation ... g it under control. Pre-bound A player who is bound (with whole arm, hand to shoulder) to a team-mate prior to contact with an opponent. Only one pre-bound player is permitted. See also: Flying Wedg

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Law changes summary - July 2022

Following the World Rugby Council meeting in May 2022, a number of law changes have been approved. These all come into force for the whole game on 1 July 2022. The five current Global Law Trials – Goal Line Drop-out, 50:22, jackler protection, banning pre-bound pods in open play (flying wedg ... n from previous clarifications. The wordings will change on the digital laws content from 1 July 202

Laws of the Game
Law Clarifications

If a World Rugby member union is unable to clarify an aspect of law it may submit a request for a formal clarification in law to the World Rugby designated members. This section contains all such requests for clarifications issued since 2018 when the laws of rugby were restructured and simplified. On occasions, clarifications in law will result in a law amendment. The pre-2018 Clarification

Laws of the Game
Laws of the Game Exam

This self-check multiple-choice exam is a pre-requisite for many World Rugby and union-specific educational courses for referees, coaches, and match management staff. After completing the Laws exam, which has 60 questions to answer, you can download your personalised certificate. Registration is free and takes only a few minutes. We suggest you use the Laws site to help you to complete the modul

Laws of the Game
Laws of the Game Exam 2025

  The World Rugby Law exam was refreshed in April 2026. Please click here to find the new version   This self-check multiple-choice exam is a pre-requisite for many World Rugby and union-specific educational courses for referees, coaches, and match management staff. After completing the Laws exam, you can download your personalised certificate. Registration is free and takes only a fe

Laws of the Game > What's new?
2025-02 Law Book and Laws app launched

e Goal line drop-out Try line drop-out Latched Pre-bound Temporary suspension Yellow carde

Laws of the Game > Match official signals
Intentionally collapsing ruck or maul

Both arms at shoulder height as if bound around opponent. Upper body lowered and twisted as if pulling down opponent who is on top.

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
IRB Maul Working Group Outcomes - August 2009

y have both hands on the ball and be bound into the maul by other players involved in the maul. Cli ... a - Not fully bound Clip 5b - Not fully bound Clip 5c - Not fully bound Clip 5d - Legal

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Maul - June 2026

s and swinging up, or round, the side. Any player bound on the outside of the maul, may contes ... t leave the maul if they become unbound or are not in a position to push/drive. “Bound” mean ... s in a maul must be caught in or bound to it and not just alongside it. A player in possession of the bal ... s during a maul are liable to sanction. If a player is bound to the maul, or bound into it by other

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Enforcement of current Law - May 2015

n in front of the ball carrier – Law 17.4(c) The ripper must be bound – it will be accidental offsid

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Five key areas of refereeing June 2012

e to be defended by his opponents. A player bound in the maul is allowed to be there. A player ma

Laws of the Game > Laws by number
16 Maul

Principle The purpose of a maul is to allow players to compete for the ball, which is held off the ground. Forming a maul 16.1 A maul can take place only in the field of play. 16.2 It consists of a ball carrier and at least one player from each team, bound together and on their feet. A playe ... t be caught in or bound to it and not just alongside it. A player in possession of the ball mus

Laws of the Game > Laws by number
15 Ruck

n on their feet throughout the ruck. Sanction: Penalty. 15.13 All players in a ruck must be caught in or boun

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Side entry - July 2022

h but outlawing the flying wedge of 2+ players pre-latched which have now been moved into full la

Laws of the Game > Law application guidelines
Shape of the Game: Reinforcement of current law - March 2024

y, pre-engagement or axial loading, then the brake is not acting as law intends and would be liabl

Laws of the Game > Laws by number
18 Touch, quick throw and lineout

t who are going to lift or support a team-mate jumping for the ball may pre-grip that team-mat

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 11-2003

s (knee height) of the #8, who still has his #6 bound to him. The #8 still in possession of the bal ... y (shoulder region) of the #8, who still has his #6 bound to him, and immediately brings him to groun ... 6 bound to him, and binds on him in an effort to prevent their forward progress. By his action ... r, if he has not bound (by definition) to the ball-carrier #8, has not formed a maul, nor has h

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 4-2008

l, all the defending side (Team B) bound to the maul voluntarily exit the maul, has the mau ... t; the ball carrier and one player from each team. All the players involved must be caught in or boun

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 8-2003

o is a ball-carrier (who is already bound to a team mate) from shoulder to hip with at least one arm around the body, by definition he has bound onto the player and therefore any action taken to brin ... l-carrier (who is bound with a team mate), and that player does not bind the ball-carrier around the body from shoulder to hip (i.e grasps the ball-carrier below the hip) he is not bound to the bal

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 1-2005

n a player is in a ruck and bound correctly {Law 16.2(b)} and that any player not caught in or boun

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 9-2006

s bound. a. Can this player tackle the ball carrier? 3. During a lineout, the players who won the bal

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 8-2009

Ruling in Law by the Designated Members of the Rugby CommitteeClarification8-2009Union / HP Ref ManagerSRULaw Reference10Date2009-10-16Request At a lineout team A is throwing in and wins the ball. As the jumper returns to the ground and his supporting players bind onto him in accordance with Law. The ball is passed to the back man of the bound players with the expectation that team B will contes

Laws of the Game > Variations - 7s, 10s, u19, Game On
19 Scrum

e must stay bound to the scrum until it ends and may not unbind to play the ball. Sanction: Penalt

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 3-2021

m the ruck.These actions should be discouraged.If a player is fully bound and they have moved beyond the offsid

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 7-2014

t or ankles and, whilst still bound to the scrum, bunny hops forwards with the ball still caugh

Laws of the Game > Variations - 7s, 10s, u19, Game On
19 Scrum

t have three players from each team. All three must stay bound to the scrum until it ends. Sanctio

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 2-2011

l goes to ground at a collapsed maul and there are players from both sides on their feet bound ove

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 2-2024

Clarification in Law by the Designated Members of the Rugby Committee Clarification 2-2024 Union / HP Ref Manager JRFU Law Reference 8.14 Date 20-05-2024 Request The Japanese Rugby Football Union have asked:  Q - Once a kicker has completed their pre-kick routine (stationar ... y supported by other players in these actions. Response Q - Once a kicker has completed their pre-kic

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 2-2023

l carrying arm forward and to the ground in order to gain an advantageously low height pre-contac ... y result in direct head contact. Defenders who take themselves off feet pre-contact are penalise

Laws of the Game > Law Clarifications
Clarification 1-2024

s instability, pre-engagement or axial loading, then the brake is not acting as law intends and woul