References

  • Chandra, M. & Paray, A. A. (2024). Natural physiological changes during pregnancy. Yale J Biol Med, 97, 85-92.
  • Christopher, S. M., Donnelly, G., Brockwell, E., Bø, K., Davenport, M. H., Vivo, M. D., Dufour, S., Forner, L., Mills, H., Moore, I. S., Olson, A. & Deering, R. E. (2023). Clinical and exercise professional opinion of return-to-running readiness after childbirth: an international Delphi study and consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, bjsports-2023-107489.
  • CSEP (2025a). CSEP get active questionnaire for pregnancy - UK version. https://csep.ca/2023/01/23/csep-get-active-questionnaire-for-pregnancy-uk-version/: CSEP.
  • CSEP (2025b). Get active questionnaire for postpartum. CSEP|SCPE online: CSEP.
    Davenport, M. H., Ruchat, S.-M., Jaramillo Garcia, A., Ali, M. U., Forte, M., Beamish, N., Fleming, K., Adamo, K. B., Brunet-Pagé, É., Chari, R., Lane, K. N., Mottola, M. F. & Neil-
  • Sztramko, S. E. (2025.  Canadian guideline for physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep throughout the first year post partum. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 59, 515-526.
  • De Graaff, L. F., Honig, A., Van Pampus, M. G. & Stramrood, C. A. I. (2018). Preventing post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth and traumatic birth experiences: a systematic review. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 97, 648-656.
  • Deering, R. E., Donnelly, G. M., Brockwell, E., Bø, K., Davenport, M. H., Vivo, M. D., Dufour, S., Forner, L., Mills, H., Moore, I. S., Olson, A. & Christopher, S. M. (2024). Clinical and exercise professional opinion on designing a postpartum return-to-running training programme: an international Delphi study and consensus statement. British Journal of Sports Medicine, bjsports-2023-107490.
  • Donnelly, G., Coltman, C., Dane, K., Elliott-Sale, K., Hayman, M., McCarthy-Ryan, M., Perkins, J., Rollins, S. & Moore, I. (2024). Prioritise safety, optimise success! Return to rugby postpartum. European Journal of Sport Science, n/a.
  • Donnelly, G. M., Brockwell, E., Rankin, A. & Moore, I. S. (2022a). Beyond the musculoskeletal system: considering whole-systems readiness for running postpartum. The Journal of Women's & Pelvic Health Physical Therapy, 46, 48-56.
  • Donnelly, G. M., Coltman, C., Straker, R., Von Lieres Und Wilkau, H., Branter, C. & Moore, I. S. (2025). Pelvic compression garments alter running biomechanics, perceived support and fear of symptoms in postpartum women with pelvic floor dysfunction. Preliminary observations from an exploratory, randomized, repeated-measure crossover design. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living.
  • Donnelly, G. M., M. N., Rogers, F. & Dufour, S. (2026). Adjuncts to pelvic floor muscle training - the application of products and devices. In: Donnelly, G. M. (ed.) Sports Medicine and the Pelvic Floor: Science to Practice. USA: Elsevier.
  • Donnelly, G. M., Moore, I. S., Brockwell, E., Rankin, A. & Cooke, R. (2022b). Reframing return-to-sport postpartum: the 6 Rs framework. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 56, 244-245.
  • Donnelly, G. M., L. S. D. (2025). Transperineal ultrasound imaging to investigate the mechanical influence of EVBTM sports compression shorts on bladder neck height in healthy adult female volunteers: a feasibility study. Journal of Pelvic, Obstetric and Gynaecological Physiotherapy, 137, [Accepted, in print].
  • Fuentes Aparicio, L., Rejano-Campo, M., Donnelly, G. M. & Vicente-Campos, V. (2021). Self-reported symptoms in women with diastasis rectus abdominis: a systematic review. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod, 50, 101995.
  • Giagio, S. & Donnelly, G. M. (2025). Persistent pelvic floor dysfunction in female athletes: a commentary on postconservative management. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 24, 65-73.
  • Giagio, S., Salvioli, S., Innocenti, T., Gava, G., Vecchiato, M., Pillastrini, P. & Turolla, A. (2023). PFD-SENTINEL: development of a screening tool for pelvic floor dysfunction in female athletes through an international Delphi consensus. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 57, 899-905.
  • Gollan, J. K., Mesches, G. A. & Gortner, I. A. (2021). Chapter 20 - Edinburgh postnatal depression scale: description and applications. In: Martin, C. R., Hunter, L.-A., Patel, V. B., Preedy, V. R. & Rajendram, R. (eds.) The Neuroscience of Depression. Academic Press.
  • Goom, T. S., Donnelly, G., Brockwell, E. (2019). Returning to running postnatal - guidelines for medical, health and fitness professionals managing this population. Available here [Accessed 15th January 2024].
  • Hassan, A., Dufour, S., Brockwell, E., Dohi, M. & Davenport, M. H. (2025). Pregnant pitches: navigating football before and during pregnancy. Sports Medicine.
  • Kennaway, B., Gabbett, T., Taylor, B., Donnelly, G. M. (2026). Load capacity and the pelvic floor. In: Donnelly, G. M. (ed.) Sports Medicine and the Pelvic Floor: Science to Practice. Elsevier.
  • Mahendru, A. A., Everett, T. R., Wilkinson, I. B., Lees, C. C. & McEniery, C. M. (2014). A longitudinal study of maternal cardiovascular function from preconception to the postpartum period. J Hypertens, 32, 849-56.
  • Mørkved, S. & Bø, K. (2014). Effect of pelvic floor muscle training during pregnancy and after childbirth on prevention and treatment of urinary incontinence: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med, 48, 299-310.
  • Mottola, M. F., Davenport, M. H., Ruchat, S.-M., Davies, G. A., Poitras, V. J., Gray, C. E., Garcia, A. J., Barrowman, N., Adamo, K. B., Duggan, M., Barakat, R., Chilibeck, P., Fleming, K., Forte, M., Korolnek, J., Nagpal, T., Slater, L. G., Stirling, D. & Zehr, L. (2018). 2019 Canadian guideline for physical activity throughout pregnancy. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52, 1339-1346.
  • NICE (2025). Depression - antenatal and postnatal. Available: https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/depression-antenatal-postnatal/.
  • NICE guideline (2021). Pelvic floor dysfunction: prevention and non-surgical management. National Institute of Clinical Guidelines, NG210.
  • Okeahialam, N. A., Oldfield, M., Stewart, E., Bonfield, C. & Carboni, C. (2022). Pelvic floor muscle training: a practical guide. BMJ, 378, e070186.
  • Pulsifer, J., Britnell, S., Sim, A., Adaszynski, J. & Dufour, S. (2022). Reframing beliefs and instilling facts for contemporary management of pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain. Br J Sports Med, 56, 1262-1265.
  • Theodorsen, N. M., Bø, K., Fersum, K. V., Haukenes, I. & Moe-Nilssen, R. (2024). Pregnant women may exercise both abdominal and pelvic floor muscles during pregnancy without increasing the diastasis recti abdominis: a randomised trial. J Physiother, 70, 142-148.
  • Vleeming, A., Albert, H. B., Östgaard, H. C., Stureson, B. & Stuge, B. (2008). European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain. European Spine Journal, 17, 794-819.
  • Vleeming, A. & Schuenke, M. (2019). Form and force closure of the sacroiliac joints. Pm r, 11 Suppl 1, S24-S31.
  • Williams JK, McClain L, Rosemurgy AS, Colorado NM. (1990) Evaluation of blunt abdominal trauma in the third trimester of pregnancy: maternal and fetal considerations. Obstet Gynecol. 75(1):33-7. PMID: 2296418.